Research and Development (R&D) tax credits are a vital lifeline for innovative businesses across the UK. Whether you're a startup experimenting with new technologies or an established firm improving existing products, R&D tax credits can significantly reduce your corporation tax bill—or even generate a cash refund. But how exactly do these credits work? What’s changed in recent legislation, especially after the Autumn 2024 Budget? And how do you calculate them effectively in 2025? Let’s dive in.