Common Cold: Comprehensive Guide

The common cold is primarily caused by viral infections, with the following three groups being the most common culprits:

Rhinoviruses (Most Common Cause)

Responsible for 30-50% of all colds

Transmitted via respiratory droplets and direct contact

Symptoms peak within 2-3 days after infection

Coronaviruses

Known for causing mild upper respiratory infections

Different from SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19

Can be seasonal, appearing more frequently in colder months

Adenoviruses

Can cause cold-like symptoms along with conjunctivitis and gastrointestinal issues

More common in children and people with weakened immune systems

Symptoms of the Common Cold
Common cold symptoms typically appear 1-3 days after exposure and last for about a week. The most common symptoms include:

Runny or Stuffy Nose

Sneezing

Coughing

Sore Throat

Mild Headache

Low-grade Fever (rare in adults, more common in children)

Fatigue

Watery Eyes

Postnasal Drip

How is the Common Cold Transmitted?
Airborne Transmission: Inhalation of virus-laden droplets from sneezing or coughing.

Direct Contact: Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face (nose, mouth, eyes).

Close Contact: Sharing personal items such as utensils, towels, or cups.